上圖，bash 執行過程
简体中文参阅
[bash]基础安装
作者的 bash 檔 install.txt
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|
#!/bin/bash
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#Created by helmuthdu mailto: helmuthdu[at]gmail[dot]com
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Modified for ArchBang by Mr Green mrgreen(at)archbang(dot)org
# Modified by chuanjang(at)gmail(dot)com
#
#Usage:
#curl -O https://diii.neocities.org/install.txt
#nano install.txt OR vim install.txt
#sh install.txt
# COLORS
Bold=$(tput bold)
Underline=$(tput sgr 0 1)
Reset=$(tput sgr0)
# Regular Colors
Red=$(tput setaf 1)
Green=$(tput setaf 2)
Yellow=$(tput setaf 3)
Blue=$(tput setaf 4)
Purple=$(tput setaf 5)
Cyan=$(tput setaf 6)
White=$(tput setaf 7)
# Bold
BRed=${Bold}$(tput setaf 1)
BGreen=${Bold}$(tput setaf 2)
BYellow=${Bold}$(tput setaf 3)
BBlue=${Bold}$(tput setaf 4)
BPurple=${Bold}$(tput setaf 5)
BCyan=${Bold}$(tput setaf 6)
BWhite=${Bold}$(tput setaf 7)
arch_chroot() { #{{{
arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash -c "${1}"
}
#}}}
check_root() { #{{{
if [[ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]]; then
error_msg "ERROR! You must execute the script as the 'root' user."
fi
} #}}}
print_line() { #{{{
printf "%$(tput cols)s\n"|tr ' ' '-'
} #}}}
print_title() { #{{{
clear
print_line
echo -e "# ${Bold}$1${Reset}"
print_line
echo ""
} #}}}
read_input_text() { #{{{
read -p "$1 [y/N]: " OPTION
OPTION=`echo "$OPTION" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`
} #}}}
pause_function() { #{{{
print_line
read -e -sn 1 -p "Press enter to continue..."
} #}}}
print_warning() { #{{{
T_COLS=`tput cols`
echo -e "${BYellow}$1${Reset}\n" | fold -sw $(( $T_COLS - 1 ))
} #}}}
error_msg() { #{{{
local _msg="${1}"
echo -e "${_msg}"
exit 1
} #}}}
create_new_user(){ #{{{
print_title "CREATE USER HAVE $(tput setaf 2)SUDO $(tput sgr0)$(tput bold)PRIVILEGES"
while [[ -z "$username" ]]; do
read -p "username: " username
username=`echo $username | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`
if [ -z "$username" ] ; then
print_warning "username empty, don't create user.\n"
fi
done
arch_chroot "useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/bash ${username}"
#arch_chroot "chfn ${username}"
arch_chroot "passwd ${username}"
while [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; do
arch_chroot "passwd ${username}"
done
#arch_chroot "visudo"
arch_chroot "chmod 777 /etc/sudoers"
arch_chroot "echo '%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers"
arch_chroot "chmod 440 /etc/sudoers"
} #}}}
# Verify the boot mode
if [[ -d "/sys/firmware/efi/" ]]; then
echo -e "${Cyan}UEFI${Reset} Mode detected\n"
UEFI=true
else
echo -e "${Cyan}BIOS Mode${Reset} detected\n"
UEFI=false
fi
pause_function
# Connect to the internet
ip link
# Verify connection
ping -c 1 archlinux.org
echo -e "\n${Cyan}Connection${Reset} verified"
read_input_text "Continue or not"
if [[ $OPTION != y ]]; then
echo -e "\n\nExit"
exit 0
fi
# Ensure the system clock is accurate:
#timedatectl
# Partition the disks. To identify these devices, use lsblk
#fdisk /dev/sda
if $UEFI ; then
echo -e "\n${Purple}UEFI${Reset}. Format and mount\n"
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sda2
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount --mkdir /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
else
echo -e "\n${Purple}BIOS${Reset}. Format and mount\n"
BOOT_MNT="/dev/sda"
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sda1
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
fi
# Select the mirrors - https://archlinux.org/mirrors/status/
echo -e "\n\n"
PS3="Select ${Purple}mirror region${Reset}: "
items=("China" "Taiwan")
select item in "${items[@]}"
do
case $REPLY in
1) reflector --verbose --latest 10 --sort rate --country china --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
break
;;
2) reflector --verbose --latest 10 --sort rate --country taiwan --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
break
;;
#$((${#items[@]}+1))) echo -e "\n${Red}Cancel${Reset}"; break;;
*) echo -e "Invalid option ${Red}$REPLY${Reset}";;
esac
done
# Install essential packages and ...
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware sudo networkmanager wget nano vim dhcpcd
# Configure the system
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
echo -e "\n\nChange root into the new system and ..."
pause_function
#Set the time zone
#arch_chroot "ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime"
#arch_chroot "ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime"
#Assumes the hardware clock is set to localtime
#arch_chroot "hwclock --systohc --localtime"
#Set language U.S. English
arch_chroot "sed -i '/#en_US.UTF-8/{s/#//}' /etc/locale.gen"
arch_chroot "locale-gen"
arch_chroot "echo 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf"
#Create the hostname file
arch_chroot "echo archlinux > /etc/hostname"
# Configure mkinitcpio
arch_chroot "mkinitcpio -p linux"
echo -e "\nSet the root password"
arch_chroot "passwd"
# Enable NetworkManager
arch_chroot "systemctl enable NetworkManager"
# Enable network connect
echo -e "\nEnable Ethernet plug in the cable\n"
arch_chroot "systemctl enable dhcpcd"
create_new_user
# Install Grub
read_input_text "Install GRUB boot loader:"
if [[ $OPTION != y ]]; then
#arch-chroot /mnt
echo -e "\n\n${Red}Must${Reset} install boot loader.\n"
exit 0
fi
# Microcode must be loaded by the boot loader, Intel processors or AMD processors
arch_chroot "pacman -S intel-ucode amd-ucode --noconfirm"
arch_chroot "pacman -S grub os-prober efibootmgr --noconfirm"
if $UEFI ; then
arch_chroot "grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB"
else
arch_chroot "grub-install --target=i386-pc ${BOOT_MNT}"
fi
arch_chroot "grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg"
# Installation finished
read_input_text "Installation finished. Reboot system"
if [[ $OPTION != y ]]; then
arch-chroot /mnt
exit 0
fi
umount -R /mnt
reboot
exit 0
|
前置作業#
只有一顆安裝 Windows 的硬碟，參閱 硬碟分割與調整 增加分割區( 對於新手，建議加購硬碟)
下載 ISO 檔
Windows作業系統製作 USB安裝碟
Ventoy USB開機隨身碟製作，Ventoy 教學
Etcher USB開機隨身碟製作，Etcher 教學
基礎安裝#
雖然已有 archinstall，但還是覺得煩瑣。 因此寫 bash，歡迎有志青年來接棒。底下 bash，僅是基礎安裝(base install，又稱最小安裝，minimal install)，參考了官網 Installation guide 寫成，archinstall 也可以完成，但要加裝 wget，以利後續桌面安裝。
請比較作者製作的 bash 檔 install.txt 與官網 Installation guide ，當 Installation guide 有重大變動時，執行bash可能有bug，就須小作修改了😎。底下只就一顆無資料的硬碟操作，Arch Linux 與 Windows 雙系統安裝可參閱 Windows 與 Arch Linux 雙系統，這個 bash 檔(install.txt)可修改成適合雙系統。
無線連接須自理
USB安裝碟開機(可參閱設置電腦用USB裝置開機)到 live environment
以 fdisk、parted 或 cfdisk 做硬碟分割 (可參閱Partition the Disk)
curl -O https://diii.neocities.org/install.txt (下載作者的 install.txt)
第 99行 至 105行 偵測硬碟 UEFI 或 BIOS 模式，因此可sh install.txt後，在 第 114行 至 117行 結束 bash
編輯 install.txt，nano install.txt 或 vim install.txt (格式化分割區, 掛載分割區)
UEFI模式：127行 至 130行
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sda2
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount --mkdir /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
BIOS模式：133行 至 135行
BOOT_MNT="/dev/sda"
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sda1
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sh install.txt (如最上圖)
建議下載 https://diii.neocities.org/install.txt， 以 nano 或 vim 或 Notepad++ 編輯 install.txt。將 install.txt 存於硬碟或USB隨身碟，啟動 live 環境時再掛載。
重新開機與系統時間#
執行 sh install.txt 完成後，會重新開機。萬事起頭難，正確開機後，桌面安裝就非常容易😲。
底下操作於安裝桌面後處理較容易
以具有 sudo 權限之使用者登入，設定系統時間，可用作者的 time.txt 輕鬆處理
#!/bin/bash
#--------------------------------
# Download: wget https://diii.neocities.org/time.txt
# Usage:
# chmod +x time.txt
# sh time.txt
#將系統時鐘設置到硬體時鐘
sudo sh -c "hwclock --systohc"
#硬體時間設置成 UTC
sudo sh -c "timedatectl set-local-rtc 0"
#設定時區
sudo sh -c "ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime"
#啟動NTP(Network Time Protocol)
sudo sh -c "timedatectl set-ntp true"
echo -e "Completed!"
wget https://diii.neocities.org/time.txt
chmox +x time.txt
sh time.txt
Windows 系統時間#
無論是使用兩顆硬碟分別安裝Windows、Arch Linux或一顆硬碟安裝双系統，都要設定 Windows 系統時間
設置 Windows 系統使用 UTC，請記得禁用 Windows 的時間同步功能，以防 Windows 錯誤設置硬體時間。
以系統管理員身份開啟 cmd 執行
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" /v RealTimeIsUniversal /d 1 /t REG_DWORD /f
也可以使用 regedit，新建如下 DWORD 值，並將其值設為十六進位的 1。
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation\RealTimeIsUniversal
桌面安裝#
LXQt
Xfce
KDE
